Biology Learning Path
High School (9–10) Biology
Explore structured biology courses, solved problems, simulations and Python activities.
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Variation and Mendel's Experiments
StemPy LabWhy offspring differ from their parents, and how Mendel's pea plants revealed dominant and recessive traits, the 3:1 ratio and the 9:3:3:1 ratio.
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How Traits Are Expressed, and Sex Determination
How a gene makes a protein that shows as a trait, how genes sit on chromosomes and pass on, and how the sex of a child is decided.
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Reproduction in Human Beings
The changes of puberty, the male and female reproductive systems, fertilisation and the growth of the embryo, and how people look after their reproductive health.
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Reproduction in Simple Organisms and Plants
Why the copying of DNA is never perfect, and why that matters. Fission, budding, fragmentation, regeneration, spores and vegetative propagation, then sexual reproduction in flowering plants.
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Coordination in Plants and Hormones in Animals
Plants respond to light, gravity, water and touch, and their hormones control growth. In animals, glands release hormones that control growth, sugar and the body's response to danger.
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The Nervous System
Follow a message along a nerve cell and across a synapse. See why a reflex is so fast, and what the forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain and spinal cord each do.
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Transport and Excretion
Blood carries food and oxygen to every cell, and plants move water up to their highest leaves. Learn how the heart, the blood vessels, the xylem and the phloem do it, and how kidneys and plants remove wastes.
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Respiration: Releasing Energy from Food
Food holds energy, and respiration releases it in every cell. See how glucose is broken down with and without oxygen, how fish, insects and people take in oxygen, and how your lungs work.
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Nutrition: How Living Things Get Food
Green plants make their own food from light, water and carbon dioxide. Animals and fungi take theirs from others, in different ways. Follow both, and then trace a meal through the human digestive system.
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Groups of Plants and Animals
Fern, pine, sponge, earthworm, frog, bat. Each one belongs to a group, and the group tells us a lot about the body. In this course we go through the groups of plants and animals, and we learn the clues that tell them apart.
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How We Classify Living Things
A library puts books in order, so that you can find one. Biologists do the same for living things. In this course we learn why and how we sort them, how the groups go from large to small, how a scientific name is written, and what the five kingdoms are.
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Animal Tissues
Your skin, your blood, your heart and your nerves are all made of cells, but of different kinds. Here we learn the four main tissues of animals, what each one does, and how to tell them apart.
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