Blood carries food and oxygen to every cell, and plants move water up to their highest leaves. Learn how the heart, the blood vessels, the xylem and the phloem do it, and how kidneys and plants remove wastes.
3 lessons, about 1 h 40 min3 simulations11 problems6 practice questionsPython in every lesson
The heart has four chambers. The right side pumps blood with little oxygen to the lungs, and the left side pumps oxygen-rich blood to the body. The blood passes through the heart twice in each round, which is double circulation. Arteries, veins and capillaries carry it, and blood pressure is measured with a sphygmomanometer.
Blood is plasma with red cells, white cells and platelets. Lymph forms from fluid that leaks out of the capillaries, carries absorbed fat and drains into the veins. In plants, the xylem carries water and minerals up, by root pressure and the transpiration pull, and the phloem carries food up or down, using energy.
Excretion removes harmful nitrogenous wastes such as urea. In each nephron of the kidney, the glomerulus filters the blood into Bowman's capsule, and the tubule takes back glucose, amino acids, salts and much water. An artificial kidney cleans the blood by dialysis. Plants lose wastes by diffusion, store them, or drop them with old leaves.
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