Plants respond to light, gravity, water and touch, and their hormones control growth. In animals, glands release hormones that control growth, sugar and the body's response to danger.
3 lessons, about 1 h 25 min3 simulations11 problems3 practice questionsPython in every lesson
Plants have no nerves and no muscles, yet they respond to the world. Some movements are quick and come from cells that gain or lose water, as in the touch-me-not. Most are slow growth movements, called tropisms: towards light, with gravity, towards water or towards a chemical.
Plant hormones are chemicals made in one part of a plant and carried to other parts, where they control growth. Auxin, made at the shoot tip, moves to the shaded side and makes the shoot bend towards light. Gibberellins help stems grow, cytokinins promote cell division, and abscisic acid slows growth.
Animals use hormones too. Endocrine glands release hormones into the blood, which carries them to every part of the body. Adrenaline prepares the body for danger, thyroxin needs iodine, growth hormone controls growth, and insulin lowers blood sugar. Feedback keeps the level of each hormone right.
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