ChemistryHardHigh School (11–12)Organic Chemistry: Some Basic Principles and Techniques › Electronic Effects and Reaction IntermediatesNEET
Created by StemPy LabIn 1-chloropropane, , the carbon-chlorine bond is polar. A student writes two statements about how this polarity spreads along the chain. Statement I: The carbon bonded to chlorine carries a partial positive charge; the next carbon carries a smaller one, and the effect becomes almost nothing after three bonds. Statement II: The electromeric effect also works in 1-chloropropane at all times, because its carbon-chlorine bond is permanently polarised.
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← A teacher discusses the reactive species formed when a covalent bond breaks. Two statements about them are given below. Statement I: Alkyl free radicals become more stable from primary to secondary to tertiary, so the tert-butyl radical, (CH₃)₃Cᵇᵘˡˡᵉᵗ, is more stable than the ethyl radical, and the methyl radical is the least stable alkyl radical. Statement II: In the carbanion CH₃⁻, the carbon atom is sp² hybridised and the ion is planar, just like the methyl carbocation.The figure shows four carbocations, I to IV, drawn as bond-line formulas. Their stability depends on how many alkyl groups the positive carbon carries, through the inductive effect and hyperconjugation. Which option gives the order of stability, from the most stable to the least stable, and the number of C-H bonds that can take part in hyperconjugation in the most stable ion? →
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