Say what happens in each case. (a) A loop lies in the page…

Step 1. Case (a). The flux out of the page grows. The induced field points into the page. An induced field into the page needs a clockwise current.

Step 2. Case (b). The flux out of the page falls. The induced field points out of the page, along the old field. This needs an anticlockwise current.

Step 3. Case (c). The south pole comes in, so the flux grows. The induced field opposes the growth, so the coil pushes the magnet away. The near face of the coil becomes a south pole, which repels the south pole of the magnet.

Step 4. Case (d). The north pole goes away, so the flux falls. The coil tries to keep it, so it pulls the magnet back. The near face becomes a south pole, which attracts the north pole.