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  1. Problems
  2. /A coil has 50 turns, and each turn has an area of 40 cm²…
HardPhysicsHigh School (11–12)Electricity & Magnetism › Electromagnetic InductionNumericalpython

A coil has 50 turns, and each turn has an area of 40 cm²…

StemPy LabContributed by StemPy Lab

Try it on paper first. A hint, the key idea and the worked solution are here when you need them.

A coil has 505050 turns, and each turn has an area of 40 cm240\ \text{cm}^240 cm2. It faces a field that dies away as B=B0e−t/τB = B_0e^{-t/\tau}B=B0​e−t/τ, with B0=0.60B_0 = 0.60B0​=0.60 T and τ=0.20\tau = 0.20τ=0.20 s. The circuit has a resistance of 3.0 Ω3.0\ \Omega3.0 Ω. Find the emf at the start, the emf after a time τ\tauτ, the total charge that flows, and the total heat produced.

Check your answer

Work it out on paper, then type your number. The answer itself stays hidden.

V
V
mC
mJ
Need a reminder? The key ideaShowHide

Lenz's law: the induced current has the direction whose own field opposes the change of flux. If the flux grows, the induced field is against the original field. If it falls, the induced field is along it. The heat in a closed circuit is I2RtI^2RtI2Rt, and it comes from the work that is done against the opposing force.

The worked solution

Have you tried it?

Work it out on paper first. It is fine to get stuck or make a mistake: that is how we learn. When you are ready, go through the solution one step at a time, and check each step against your own.

Plan. Differentiate the flux linkage for the emf. Use the change of flux for the charge. Integrate the power for the heat.

Step 1. The emf. The flux linkage is NΦ=NAB0e−t/τN\Phi = NAB_0e^{-t/\tau}NΦ=NAB0​e−t/τ, with NAB0=50×4.0×10−3 m2×0.60 T=0.12NAB_0 = 50 \times 4.0 \times 10^{-3}\ \text{m}^2 \times 0.60\ \text{T} = 0.12NAB0​=50×4.0×10−3 m2×0.60 T=0.12 Wb. The size of the emf is ε=NAB0τ e−t/τ\varepsilon = \dfrac{NAB_0}{\tau}\,e^{-t/\tau}ε=τNAB0​​e−t/τ. At t=0t = 0t=0: ε=0.12 Wb0.20 s=0.60\varepsilon = \dfrac{0.12\ \text{Wb}}{0.20\ \text{s}} = 0.60ε=0.20 s0.12 Wb​=0.60 V. At t=τt = \taut=τ the factor e−1=0.368e^{-1} = 0.368e−1=0.368 gives 0.2210.2210.221 V.

Step 2. The charge. The flux linkage falls from 0.120.120.12 Wb to zero, so Q=NΔΦR=0.12 Wb3.0 Ω=0.040 CQ = \dfrac{N\Delta\Phi}{R} = \dfrac{0.12\ \text{Wb}}{3.0\ \Omega} = 0.040\ \text{C}Q=RNΔΦ​=3.0 Ω0.12 Wb​=0.040 C, that is 404040 mC.

Step 3. The heat. H=∫0∞ε2R dt=(0.60 V)23.0 Ω∫0∞e−2t/τ dt=0.36 V23.0 Ω×0.20 s2=0.012 JH = \int_0^\infty \dfrac{\varepsilon^2}{R}\,dt = \dfrac{(0.60\ \text{V})^2}{3.0\ \Omega}\int_0^\infty e^{-2t/\tau}\,dt = \dfrac{0.36\ \text{V}^2}{3.0\ \Omega} \times \dfrac{0.20\ \text{s}}{2} = 0.012\ \text{J}H=∫0∞​Rε2​dt=3.0 Ω(0.60 V)2​∫0∞​e−2t/τdt=3.0 Ω0.36 V2​×20.20 s​=0.012 J, that is 121212 mJ.

Answer: 0.600.600.60 V, 0.2210.2210.221 V, 404040 mC and 121212 mJ.

Check. If the emf stayed at 0.600.600.60 V for the time τ\tauτ, the heat would be 242424 mJ. The emf falls away, so the true heat is smaller, and exactly half of that.

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  1. Lenz's lawFaraday's Law and Lenz's Law

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