Try it on paper first. A hint, the key idea and the worked solution are here when you need them.
Two horizontal rails m apart are joined to a battery of emf V. The whole circuit has a resistance of . A rod lies across the rails, with a field of T at right angles to the plane of the rails. The rod is released from rest. Find the force on it at the start, the greatest speed that it can reach, and the current when its speed is m/s. Ignore friction.
A conductor of length moving at speed across a field has . In a circuit of resistance the current is and the force on the rod is , always against the motion. The charge that flows is . A capacitor in the circuit adds a mass .
Have you tried it?
Work it out on paper first. It is fine to get stuck or make a mistake: that is how we learn. When you are ready, go through the solution one step at a time, and check each step against your own.
Given. m, V, , T.
Step 1. The start. The rod is at rest, so there is no back emf. . The force is .
Step 2. The greatest speed. The current is zero when . We want , so .
Step 3. At m/s. The back emf is . So .
Answer: N, m/s and A.
Check. At the start the current is A, at m/s it is A, and at m/s it would be . The current falls steadily as the speed rises.
Watch out. The rod never quite reaches m/s. Friction and the load that a real motor drives would make the final speed lower.
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