Try it on paper first. A hint, the key idea and the worked solution are here when you need them.
An electromagnet has an inductance of H and carries a current of A. A switch breaks the circuit, and the current falls to zero steadily in ms. Find the size of the emf across the coil. Find the energy that leaves the magnetic field, and the average power while the current falls. Why does the spark appear at the switch and not in the wire?
The flux linkage of a coil is . The self-induced emf is , and it opposes the change of the current. For a long solenoid, . The energy stored is , with .
Have you tried it?
Work it out on paper first. It is fine to get stuck or make a mistake: that is how we learn. When you are ready, go through the solution one step at a time, and check each step against your own.
Step 1. The emf. .
Step 2. The energy. .
Step 3. The power. .
Step 4. The spark. The coil pushes current through the circuit with an emf of V. The circuit is open, so that voltage stands across the gap of the switch. The air in the gap breaks down, and a spark carries the current. The wire has no gap, so there is no spark in it.
Answer: V, J and W.
Check. A power of W for ms is J. It fits.
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