Practical Chemistry: Analysis, Titrations and Preparations
A chemist is handed a bottle with no label.
- How does she find out what is in it, and how much?
- This chapter is about the work done at the laboratory bench.
- We detect carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulphur and the halogens in an organic compound, and find its functional group.
- We test for the anions and cations of a salt, group by group.
- We run acid and base titrations and the permanganate titrations of oxalic acid and Mohr's salt, and we make Mohr's salt, potash alum, acetanilide, p-nitroacetanilide, aniline yellow and iodoform.
- Every lesson reads like an experiment: the apparatus, the steps, what you see, and why.
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- It covers the unit of the Indian syllabus (JEE Main, JEE Advanced, the board practical, KCET and WBJEE) and the practical work of A-Level and IB.
- Python does the arithmetic of the analysis.
Part of Chemistry · High School (11–12) (chapter 31)
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Organic Qualitative Analysis: Elements and Functional Groups
How a chemist finds out what an unknown organic compound contains. We heat the compound with copper(II) oxide to find carbon and hydrogen. The sodium fusion of Lassaigne shows nitrogen, sulphur and the halogens. Then come the tests that tell an alcohol, a phenol, an aldehyde, a ketone, an acid and an amine apart.
Inorganic Qualitative Analysis: Anions, Cations and Salts
How a chemist names a salt from what happens in a test tube. We test ten anions with dilute and concentrated sulphuric acid. The group reagents sort the cations, and a confirmatory test names each of twelve cations. Solubility products explain why the scheme works.