Chemistry
High School (11–12)
Hydrocarbons › AlkanesHydrocarbons › Alkenes and AlkynesHydrocarbons › Aromatic HydrocarbonsChapter 9Hydrocarbons
Petrol, cooking gas, plastic bags and the benzene ring in a dye all come from compounds of carbon and hydrogen only. These hydrocarbons are the parent family of organic chemistry. In this chapter you learn how alkanes, alkenes, alkynes and benzene are made, how their shapes and bonds decide what they do, and why a double bond adds a reagent where a ring of six carbon atoms prefers to keep its stability. It serves the Indian syllabus (NCERT, NEET, JEE Main) and the matching topics of A-Level, IB and AP Chemistry. Python counts isomers and works out product mixtures.
Part of Chemistry · High School (11–12) (chapter 9)
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Alkanes: Preparation, Conformations and Halogenation
Where alkanes come from and how they are made in the laboratory. How their boiling points follow the shape of the molecule, how ethane and butane twist about a C-C bond, and how alkanes burn, crack and react with halogens in a free-radical chain.
Alkenes and Alkynes: Preparation and Addition Reactions
The double and the triple bond. Shape and geometrical isomers, the ways to make alkenes and alkynes, electrophilic addition with Markovnikov's rule and the peroxide effect, oxidation and ozonolysis, and the acidity and reactions of terminal alkynes.