Chemistry
High School (11–12)
Organic Compounds with Functional Groups › Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic AcidsChapter 28Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids
A silver mirror that forms on the wall of a test tube, the yellow solid of the iodoform test, the sharp taste of vinegar and the smell of almonds all come from one small group of atoms, the carbonyl group. In this chapter you learn how aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids are named and made, why they add nucleophiles, how they are oxidised and reduced, and why carboxylic acids are acids. It serves the Indian syllabus (NCERT, NEET, JEE Main and the board and state exams) and the matching topics of A-Level, IB and AP. Python counts isomers, solves acid equilibria and finds routes between compounds.
Part of Chemistry · High School (11–12) (chapter 28)
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The Carbonyl Group: Structure, Names and Preparation
How aldehydes and ketones are built and named, why the carbonyl group is polar, and the methods that make them: oxidation of alcohols, hydration of alkynes, the Rosenmund and Stephen reductions, the Etard reaction, Gattermann-Koch and Friedel-Crafts acylation. It covers the unit of the Indian syllabus (NCERT, NEET, JEE Main) and the matching topic of A-Level, IB and AP.
Reactions of the Carbonyl Group: Addition, Redox and Aldol
Why the carbonyl carbon is attacked by nucleophiles, and what follows. Addition of HCN, bisulphite, alcohols and ammonia derivatives, reduction to alcohols and alkanes, the tests of Tollens, Fehling and iodoform, the aldol and Cannizzaro reactions, and substitution in the benzene ring. It covers the unit of the Indian syllabus (NCERT, NEET, JEE Main) and the matching topic of A-Level, IB and AP.