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High School (11–12) · Heat Engines, the Second Law and Entropy
A monatomic gas goes clockwise round a rectangle: up at 1.2 L from 1.2 × 10^5 Pa to 3.5 × 10^5 Pa, out to 3.2 L, down, and back. You will make the program find the net work, the heat taken in, and the efficiency of an…
StemPy LabHigh School (11–12) · Heat Engines, the Second Law and Entropy
An engine's hot reservoir is at 680 K. You will make the program draw the best possible efficiency for cold reservoirs from 250 K to 600 K, and compare a real engine with that limit. The real engine takes in 2300 J an…
High School (11–12) · Heat Engines, the Second Law and Entropy
0.80 kg of water at 85 ^ is mixed with different amounts of water at 12 ^, from 0.2 kg to 3.0 kg. You will make the program find the final temperature and the total change of entropy for each amount, and how much cold…
High School (11–12) · Thermodynamic Processes and Specific Heats of Gases
A gas at 2.2 × 10^5 Pa expands from 1.5 L to 6.0 L, once at a steady temperature and once adiabatically (γ = 1.40). You will make the program draw both curves and find the work of each from the area under it. The idea…
High School (11–12) · Thermodynamic Processes and Specific Heats of Gases
Air in a pump is squeezed quickly, and its pressure is read at six volumes. You will make the program find γ from the readings, using a straight-line fit, and predict the pressure at 1.0 L. The idea. For an adiabatic…
Work along three paths Physics
High School (11–12) · Laws of Thermodynamics
A diatomic gas goes from A (1.5 L, 3.8 × 10^5 Pa) to B (4.5 L, 1.3 × 10^5 Pa) along three different paths. You will make the program find the work along each path from the area under it, the change of internal energy,…
High School (11–12) · Laws of Thermodynamics
1.2 mol of helium and 1.2 mol of nitrogen are each warmed by 45 K, once in a rigid tank and once under a free piston. You will make the program find the heat each needs both ways, and show that the extra heat at a ste…
High School (11–12) · Heat Transfer
A wall of 15 m^2 is 20 cm of brick. How much mineral wool should line it? You will make the program find the heat flow for wool from 0 cm to 15 cm thick, with 20 ^ inside and 2 ^ outside, and the thickness that cuts t…
High School (11–12) · Heat Transfer
As a body gets hotter it glows dull red, then orange, then white. You will make the program find the wavelength of strongest radiation and the power from each square metre for temperatures from 300 K to 10 000 K, and…
High School (11–12) · Heat Transfer
A cup of hot water was left to cool in a room at 24 ^, and its temperature was read every two minutes. You will make the program test Newton's law of cooling: if it holds, the logarithm of the excess temperature falls…
Heating ice to steam Physics
High School (11–12) · Calorimetry and Change of State
A 1.2 kW heater warms 0.50 kg of ice from -20 ^ until it is all steam at 100 ^. You will make the program find the heat and the time for each stage, and which stage takes longest. The idea. Warming: mc Δ T (ice 2100 J…
Mixing hot and cold water Physics
High School (11–12) · Calorimetry and Change of State
Hot water at 80 ^ is poured into 0.60 kg of water at 15 ^ in an aluminium calorimeter of mass 0.20 kg. You will make the program find the final temperature for different amounts of hot water, with and without the calo…
High School (11–12) · Temperature and Thermal Expansion, Kinetic Theory of Gases
A constant-volume gas thermometer was read at six temperatures. Real readings scatter a little. You will make the program fit the best straight line through them, extend it to zero pressure to find absolute zero, and…
The gap between the rails Physics
High School (11–12) · Temperature and Thermal Expansion
Steel rails 13 m long are laid at 15 ^ with a small gap between them. Through the year the rails range from -10 ^ to 60 ^. You will make the program find how the gap changes, and the smallest gap at laying that never…
Water in a thin tube Physics
High School (11–12) · Surface Tension and Capillarity
How high does water climb in glass tubes of different widths, and how far is mercury pushed down? You will make the program find the rise of water and of mercury for tubes from 0.05 mm to 1.0 mm in radius, and the tub…
The energy of a spray Physics
High School (11–12) · Surface Tension and Capillarity
A spray breaks 1.0 cm^3 of water into tiny droplets, all the same size. The smaller the droplets, the more surface there is, and every square metre of new surface costs energy. You will make the program find the numbe…
The speed of water in a pipe Physics
High School (11–12) · Fluid Flow, Bernoulli's Principle and Viscosity
Water flows through a level pipe whose diameter changes along its length: wide, then narrow, then wide again. You will make the program find the speed and the pressure all along it, and where the pressure is lowest. T…
The range of a jet from a tank Physics
High School (11–12) · Fluid Flow, Bernoulli's Principle and Viscosity
A tank on the ground holds water 3.0 m deep. Holes could be made at any depth. You will make the program find the speed of the jet from each depth, where each jet lands, and the depth that sends the jet farthest. The…
High School (11–12) · Fluid Flow, Bernoulli's Principle and Viscosity
A glass bead of radius 2.0 mm is dropped from rest into glycerine. You will make the program step its speed forward a hundredth of a millisecond at a time, compare the speed it levels off at with the formula, and find…
Pressure against the depth Physics
High School (11–12) · Pressure and Fluids
How does the pressure grow as a diver goes down, in a lake and in the sea? You will make the program find the absolute pressure at every depth down to 50 m in fresh water and in sea water, and the depth at which the s…
Floating or sinking Physics
High School (11–12) · Pressure and Fluids
Seven things are dropped into a tank of water: cork, pine wood, ice, hard rubber, aluminium, iron and gold. You will make the program decide which float, how much of each floater stays under the surface, and what a sp…
High School (11–12) · Elasticity and Mechanical Properties of Solids
In a Searle's apparatus test, loads were added to a wire 2.2 m long and 0.70 mm across, and each stretch was read on a screw gauge. Real readings scatter a little. You will make the program fit the best straight line,…
Ductile and brittle materials Physics
High School (11–12) · Elasticity and Mechanical Properties of Solids
A testing machine has pulled two rods until they broke: a mild steel rod (A) and a glass-like rod (B). You have each one's readings of strain and stress. You will make the program find each one's Young's modulus and g…
High School (11–12) · Elasticity and Mechanical Properties of Solids
Five blocks of the same size, made of five metals, each have their base fixed and the same sideways force on their top. You will make the program find the shear stress, the angle of shear of each, and which top face m…
High School (11–12) · Elasticity and Mechanical Properties of Solids, Pressure and Fluids
How much is water squeezed in the deep sea, and how much is a steel probe squeezed? You will make the program find the pressure at every depth down to the deepest trench, the fraction of volume each loses, and the dep…