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High School (11–12) · Transistors and Logic Gates
You will build logic gates from one gate, the NAND gate, as a factory would. The idea. A NAND gate gives 0 only when both inputs are 1. NOT is a NAND gate with its two inputs tied. AND is a NAND gate followed by a NOT…
StemPy LabHigh School (11–12) · Groups 17 and 18: Halogens and Noble Gases
You will write a small program that finds the lone pairs, the steric number and the shape of an interhalogen or xenon compound. The idea. The central atom has some outer electrons. Each bonded atom uses one of them. T…
High School (11–12) · Statistics
You will write four functions that judge a straight-line fit: the residuals, the sum of the squared residuals, the coefficient of determination and a test for a point that changes r a lot. The helper fit is already wr…
High School (11–12) · Organisms and Populations
You will write a function that names an interaction from the effect on each species, and use it on a table of pairs. The idea. Each species is helped (1), not affected (0) or harmed (-1). Two helped is mutualism, two…
Fit a noisy sine Python Programming
High School (11–12), High School (9–10), Undergraduate, General · Trigonometry and Waves by Computer
You will fit a sine to 60 noisy readings of a swinging spring, with a first guess from the FFT. The idea. The FFT finds the main frequency to within one bar. curve_fit then refines the amplitude, the frequency and the…
The summary machine Statistics & Data Science
Middle Stage (6–8), High School (9–10), High School (11–12), Undergraduate, General · Averages: Mean, Median and Mode, Spread of Data, Probability and Chance
You will build a function that summarises any list of numbers: how many, the mean, the median, the range and a chance. Then it summarises the month, and the definition of a hot day is yours to choose. The idea. A summ…
High School (11–12) · Transistors and Logic Gates
You will write four functions that a designer uses for a transistor in the common-emitter circuit. The idea. β = (α)/(1 - α). In a circuit with one supply, I_B = V_CC - 0.7R_B, I_C = β I_B and V_CE = V_CC - I_C R_C, a…
High School (11–12) · Groups 17 and 18: Halogens and Noble Gases
You will finish a program that predicts which halogens oxidise which halide ions. It works from the standard electrode potentials. The idea. A halogen oxidises the halide of another halogen if its potential is higher.…
High School (11–12) · Statistics
You will write four functions: the correlation coefficient, the slope and the intercept of the line of y on x, and a prediction. The checker tests them on data with known answers, and on data that lie exactly on a lin…
High School (11–12) · Organisms and Populations
You will write one small step of the Lotka-Volterra equations and use it to follow the prey and the predators. The idea. In a small time dt, the prey change by (ax - bxy) dt and the predators by (cxy - dy) dt. This is…
A wave and its speed Python Programming
High School (11–12), High School (9–10), Undergraduate, General · Trigonometry and Waves by Computer
You will draw a wave of wavelength 3.0 m and frequency 4.0 Hz at two times, find its first crest each time, and work out its speed. The idea. The crest of y = A(kx - ω t) moves at the speed v = fλ. You find where the…
Graph the month Statistics & Data Science
Middle Stage (6–8), High School (9–10), High School (11–12), Undergraduate, General · Averages: Mean, Median and Mode, Spread of Data, Probability and Chance
The month of 30 days is in two lists: the temperatures and the rainy days. You will split the temperatures into rainy and dry days, and count how many days had each temperature. Then the program draws a line graph wit…
High School (11–12) · Semiconductors and Diodes
You will write four functions that describe a Zener regulator and its limits. The idea. The series resistor carries I_s = V_in - V_zR_s. The load takes (V_z)/(R_L) and the Zener diode takes the rest. The limits on R_s…
High School (11–12) · Groups 15 and 16: Nitrogen and Oxygen Families
You will write functions that find the oxidation state of sulphur in an oxoacid, tell whether the acid has an O-O peroxide link, and list the acids that have a given state. The idea. Oxygen is -2, except in an O-O lin…
High School (11–12) · Statistics
You will write four functions that find the quartiles, the interquartile range, the outliers and the ends of the whiskers of a box plot. The helper median_of is already written. The checker uses data with an even and…
High School (11–12) · Organisms and Populations
You will write the exponential and the logistic population, and find when a logistic population reaches half of its carrying capacity. The idea. The exponential size is N_0 e^rt. The logistic size is K / (1 + (K - N_0…
An identity checker Python Programming
High School (11–12), High School (9–10), Undergraduate, General · Trigonometry and Waves by Computer
You will write three small functions that check a claimed identity on many angles: one finds the worst miss between the two sides, one says whether the identity holds, and one finds an angle where it fails. The idea.…
Two dice: simulation against exact Statistics & Data Science
Middle Stage (6–8), High School (9–10), High School (11–12), Undergraduate, General · Probability and Chance
You will find the exact probability of each sum of two dice by listing the 36 pairs, then roll two dice 3,600 times and compare. The program draws both side by side. The idea. The exact probability counts equally like…
High School (11–12) · Semiconductors and Diodes
You will write four functions that a power-supply designer uses for a rectifier and its smoothing capacitor. The idea. For an ideal half-wave rectifier the mean output is V_m/π. For a full-wave rectifier it is 2V_m/π.…
High School (11–12) · Groups 15 and 16: Nitrogen and Oxygen Families
You will write three functions for the reaction 2KClO_3 → 2KCl + 3O_2. The first finds the volume of oxygen from a mass of the salt. The second finds the mass of the salt that is needed for a volume. The third finds t…
High School (11–12) · Statistics
You will write four functions: the coefficient of variation, the new mean and spread after every value is changed, and the combined mean and standard deviation of two groups. The checker tests them on data with known…
High School (11–12) · Organisms and Populations
You will write functions for the next size of a population, for its sex ratio and for the kind of its age pyramid. The idea. The next size is N + (B + I) - (D + E). The sex ratio is the females for every 1000 males. A…
An angle toolkit Python Programming
High School (11–12), High School (9–10), Undergraduate, General · Trigonometry and Waves by Computer
You will write three small functions for angles: one that converts degrees to radians without math.radians, one that finds the quadrant of an angle, and one that returns the point of the unit circle at an angle. The i…
The long run of a coin Statistics & Data Science
Middle Stage (6–8), High School (9–10), High School (11–12), Undergraduate, General · Probability and Chance
You will toss a coin 500 times in a program, keep the share of heads after every toss, and draw how that share moves. Then you see how close the last share comes to 0.5. The idea. The share of heads jumps about in a s…
High School (11–12) · Semiconductors and Diodes
You will write four functions that describe a silicon diode, from the diode equation to a diode in series with a resistor. The idea. The diode equation is I = I_s(e^V/V_T - 1), with V_T = (kT)/(e). In a circuit, a con…