In short
The parts of a cell are the cell membrane, the cytoplasm and the organelles. In a plant cell there is also a cell wall, a large vacuole and chloroplasts.
The cell membrane controls what enters and leaves. The nucleus holds the DNA and controls the cell. Mitochondria release energy by respiration. Ribosomes make proteins. The endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus process and move them. Lysosomes digest waste. Only plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts for photosynthesis and a large central vacuole.
A muscle cell has many mitochondria because it needs a lot of energy. A cell in a leaf has many chloroplasts because it carries out photosynthesis.
Also searched as: cell parts, parts of a cell, parts of the cell, what are the parts of the cell.