Teacher-curated, self-paced courses. Looking for a guided sequence through a full topic? See Learning Paths.
How did people find out that plants make their own food? Here you follow the early experiments, learn the overall reaction, and look inside the chloroplast. Then you separate the pigments of a leaf and read the absorption and action spectra.
Light is caught by two photosystems, water is split, and electrons run down a chain in a zig-zag called the Z scheme. Here you see how that run builds a proton gradient, and how the gradient makes ATP while NADPH is formed.
ATP and NADPH from the light reactions are spent in the stroma to build sugar. Here you count the turns of the Calvin cycle, follow carbon through a maize leaf, see why RuBisCO sometimes makes a costly mistake, and learn which factors set the pace of photosynthesis.
Beyond the textbook: a full account of the ATP, NADPH, carbon and photons that photosynthesis spends, a point-by-point comparison of the C3 and C4 pathways, and the reading of limiting-factor graphs and classic experiments. Twelve harder problems and a full timed mock exam.
Green plants make their own food from light, water and carbon dioxide. Animals and fungi take theirs from others, in different ways. Follow both, and then trace a meal through the human digestive system.