In this short course you find the range, the quartiles and the interquartile range, draw a box plot, and find the standard deviation step by step. You learn which measure of spread to use, and what happens to it when every value changes. The code boxes only need Run and a few changed numbers.
3 lessons, about 1 h 25 min3 simulations10 problems6 practice questionsPython in every lesson
The range is the largest value minus the smallest, but one extreme value can make it huge. The quartiles split sorted data into four equal parts: Q1 is the median of the lower half and Q3 is the median of the upper half. The interquartile range, Q3 minus Q1, is the width of the middle half, and a box plot draws it.
The standard deviation tells us how far a typical value is from the mean. Find each distance from the mean, square it, find the mean of the squares, which is the variance, then take the square root. It is in the same units as the data. A small standard deviation means the values are close to the mean, and zero means they are all equal.
Two data sets can have the same mean and a very different spread. Use the standard deviation with the mean when the data is fairly even, and the IQR with the median when there are outliers. Adding the same number to every value leaves the spread unchanged. Multiplying every value by k multiplies the spread by k. The mean and the median change along with the values.
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