Reactions of the Carbonyl Group: Addition, Redox and Aldol

Name: Reactions of the Carbonyl Group: Addition, Redox and Aldol
Author: StemPy Lab

Why the carbonyl carbon is attacked by nucleophiles, and what follows. Addition of HCN, bisulphite, alcohols and ammonia derivatives, reduction to alcohols and alkanes, the tests of Tollens, Fehling and iodoform, the aldol and Cannizzaro reactions, and substitution in the benzene ring. It covers the unit of the Indian syllabus (NCERT, NEET, JEE Main) and the matching topic of A-Level, IB and AP.

3 lessons, about 1 h 15 min3 simulations11 problems3 practice questionsPython in every lesson

Created by StemPy Lab

Course outline (3 lessons)

Lesson 1about 25 min
Nucleophilic addition to the carbonyl group
A carbonyl carbon has a positive charge and a free face. A nucleophile can attack it from above or below. This one step explains most of what aldehydes and ketones do. You learn the mechanism, the order of reactivity, and the additions of HCN, hydrogensulphite, alcohols and ammonia derivatives.
1 simulation1 practice question1 Python program4 problems
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Lesson 2about 25 min
Reduction, oxidation and the tests for aldehydes and ketones
A silver mirror on glass, a red solid in a blue solution and a yellow solid with an antiseptic smell are the three classic tests for carbonyl compounds. The same lesson covers reduction to alcohols and to alkanes, and why aldehydes oxidise so much more easily than ketones.
1 simulation1 practice question1 Python program4 problems1 Python lab
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Lesson 3about 25 min
Aldol and Cannizzaro reactions, and the benzene ring
A hydrogen next to a carbonyl group can leave as a proton. The anion that forms is a nucleophile that attacks another carbonyl compound, and a new carbon-carbon bond results. This is the aldol reaction. Aldehydes with no such hydrogen do something else: the Cannizzaro reaction. The lesson ends with the benzene ring.
1 simulation1 practice question1 Python program3 problems1 Python lab1 question set1 note
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Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones: Timed Test

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More onOrganic Compounds with Functional Groups › Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids

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Reactions of the Carbonyl Group: Addition, Redox and Aldol

Course outline (3 lessons)

Nucleophilic addition to the carbonyl group

Reduction, oxidation and the tests for aldehydes and ketones

Aldol and Cannizzaro reactions, and the benzene ring

Test Your Learning

Your teacher

Discussion (0)