Purification and Analysis of Organic Compounds

Name: Purification and Analysis of Organic Compounds
Author: StemPy Lab

How a pure compound is separated: sublimation, crystallisation, distillation and chromatography. Then the tests for the elements in it, and the calculations that give its formula from the results.

3 lessons, about 1 h 25 min3 simulations11 problems4 practice questionsPython in every lesson

Created by StemPy Lab

Course outline (3 lessons)

Lesson 1about 30 min
Purifying an organic compound
A compound made in a flask, or taken from a plant, is almost never pure. The method that cleans it depends on what the compound and its impurities are like. Solids are purified by sublimation or crystallisation, liquids by one of four kinds of distillation or by extraction, and small amounts of a mixture by chromatography. Purity is checked by a sharp melting point or a steady boiling point.
1 simulation1 practice question1 Python program3 problems1 Python lab
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Lesson 2about 25 min
Qualitative analysis
Once a compound is pure, the next question is what elements it holds. Carbon and hydrogen are found by heating with copper(II) oxide, and seeing carbon dioxide and water. Nitrogen, sulphur, the halogens and phosphorus are first turned into ions by fusing the compound with sodium. The water extract of the fusion, Lassaigne's extract, then gives a colour or a precipitate for each element.
1 simulation1 practice question1 Python program3 problems
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Lesson 3about 30 min
Quantitative analysis
Quantitative analysis finds how much of each element a compound holds. Carbon and hydrogen come from the carbon dioxide and water given by burning (Liebig). Nitrogen comes from Dumas, by measuring a gas, or from Kjeldahl, by titrating ammonia. Halogens, sulphur and phosphorus come from the mass of a precipitate (Carius). Oxygen is found by difference. The percentages then give the empirical formula.
1 simulation2 practice questions1 Python program5 problems1 Python lab1 question set1 note
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Purification and Analysis of Organic Compounds

Course outline (3 lessons)

Purifying an organic compound

Qualitative analysis

Quantitative analysis

Test Your Learning

Your teacher

Discussion (0)