How the adrenal glands prepare the body for an emergency and keep the salts in balance. How insulin and glucagon hold the blood sugar steady, and what goes wrong in diabetes mellitus. Then the parathyroid and the calcium of the blood, the thymus, and the hormones of the testis and the ovary.
3 lessons, about 1 h 30 min3 simulations10 problems3 practice questionsPython in every lesson
The adrenal glands sit on the kidneys. The medulla makes adrenaline and noradrenaline for an emergency. The cortex makes glucocorticoids such as cortisol and mineralocorticoids such as aldosterone. Too little of these hormones gives Addison's disease, and too much cortisol gives Cushing's syndrome.
The pancreas is both an exocrine and an endocrine gland. Its islets of Langerhans hold alpha cells that make glucagon and beta cells that make insulin. Insulin lowers the glucose of the blood and glucagon raises it. A long rise of the blood glucose is diabetes mellitus.
The four parathyroid glands make parathyroid hormone, which raises the calcium of the blood. The thymus makes thymosins that help the T lymphocytes to mature. The testis makes androgens, and the ovary makes estrogen and progesterone.
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