What a hormone is and why the body needs a second control system beside the nerves. How the hypothalamus controls the pituitary, what each pituitary hormone does, and what the pineal and thyroid glands add. Goitre, cretinism, gigantism and diabetes insipidus are explained as hormone slips.
3 lessons, about 1 h 30 min3 simulations10 problems3 practice questionsPython in every lesson
Hormones are chemical messengers made in tiny amounts by the ductless glands and carried by the blood to their targets. The hypothalamus, a part of the brain, links the nervous system to the endocrine system. It makes releasing and inhibiting hormones that control the pituitary gland.
The pituitary gland has an anterior part, a thin intermediate part and a posterior part. The anterior part makes growth hormone, prolactin, TSH, ACTH, LH and FSH. The intermediate part makes MSH. The posterior part stores and releases oxytocin and vasopressin. Too much or too little of a hormone causes a disorder.
The pineal gland makes melatonin, which sets the daily rhythm of the body. The thyroid gland makes thyroxine and triiodothyronine, which need iodine and control the basal metabolic rate. It also makes thyrocalcitonin. Too little iodine causes goitre, and too little thyroid hormone in a baby causes cretinism.
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