Try it on paper first. A hint, the key idea and the worked solution are here when you need them.
The seven letters of the word NUMBERS are written on seven cards, and the cards are placed in a row at random. The vowels are U and E. Find the number of arrangements. Find the number of arrangements in which the two vowels are together. Then find the probability that the vowels are together, and the probability that the row starts with a consonant and ends with a vowel. Give the probabilities as decimals to four places.
Count the favourable and the total outcomes in the same style. counts selections and arrangements. A group of objects that must be together is glued into a block and then multiplied by the arrangements inside the block. A round table of people has seatings.
Have you tried it?
Work it out on paper first. It is fine to get stuck or make a mistake: that is how we learn. When you are ready, go through the solution one step at a time, and check each step against your own.
Step 1. All arrangements. .
Step 2. Vowels together. The block and the five consonants are objects, which can be arranged in ways. The vowels swap inside the block in ways. So .
Step 3. The probability. .
Step 4. Consonant first, vowel last. The last place: vowels. The first place: consonants. The middle five places: ways. So arrangements, and .
Answer: , , and .
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