Name the disorder that fits each description…
Contributed by StemPy LabTry it on paper first. A hint, the key idea and the worked solution are here when you need them.
Name the disorder that fits each description.
- Urea builds up in the blood because the kidneys do not work well.
- A hard mass of oxalate crystals blocks the ureter.
- The glomeruli are inflamed.
- The kidneys stop filtering the blood, and a patient needs an artificial kidney.
Need a reminder? The key ideaShow
Uraemia is urea in the blood. In haemodialysis, blood from an artery gets heparin. It runs through a coiled cellophane tube in a dialysing fluid that is like plasma without the nitrogenous wastes. It returns through a vein after anti-heparin. Wastes diffuse down their concentration gradient. In a model, the urea left is per cent, where the ratio is the volume of blood cleared divided by the body water. Renal calculi are stones of crystallised salts. Glomerulonephritis is the inflammation of the glomeruli.
The worked solution
Have you tried it?
Work it out on paper first. It is fine to get stuck or make a mistake: that is how we learn. When you are ready, go through the solution one step at a time, and check each step against your own.
Step 1. (a) Uraemia.
Step 2. (b) Renal calculi (kidney stones).
Step 3. (c) Glomerulonephritis.
Step 4. (d) Renal failure. It may follow uraemia or other kidney diseases, and it is treated by haemodialysis or a transplant.
Answer: (a) uraemia; (b) renal calculi; (c) glomerulonephritis; (d) renal failure.
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