A patient has had renal failure for a long time, and his urea is high…
Contributed by StemPy LabTry it on paper first. A hint, the key idea and the worked solution are here when you need them.
A patient has had renal failure for a long time, and his urea is high. Two doctors talk about what to do.
- Doctor A suggests haemodialysis for now. Name what it removes, and the way it does it.
- Doctor B suggests a kidney transplant for the long term. Name the best kind of donor, and say why.
- Which part of the body would cause a problem for the new kidney?
Need a reminder? The key ideaShow
Uraemia is urea in the blood. In haemodialysis, blood from an artery gets heparin. It runs through a coiled cellophane tube in a dialysing fluid that is like plasma without the nitrogenous wastes. It returns through a vein after anti-heparin. Wastes diffuse down their concentration gradient. In a model, the urea left is per cent, where the ratio is the volume of blood cleared divided by the body water. Renal calculi are stones of crystallised salts. Glomerulonephritis is the inflammation of the glomeruli.
The worked solution
Have you tried it?
Work it out on paper first. It is fine to get stuck or make a mistake: that is how we learn. When you are ready, go through the solution one step at a time, and check each step against your own.
Step 1. (a) Haemodialysis removes urea and the other nitrogenous wastes from the blood, by diffusion through a cellophane membrane into a dialysing fluid.
Step 2. (b) A close relative, because the tissues are more alike, and so the chance of rejection is smaller.
Step 3. (c) The immune system of the host may attack the new kidney.
Answer: (a) wastes, by diffusion; (b) a close relative, to reduce rejection; (c) the immune system.
Watch out. The transplant is not in the NEET syllabus text. NCERT prints it.
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