Try it on paper first. A hint, the key idea and the worked solution are here when you need them.
In a vacuum chamber there is a uniform electric field of along and a uniform magnetic field of along , out of the page, as in the figure. A proton starts from rest at the origin. Take its mass as and its charge as . Ignore gravity.
The proton does not simply accelerate along the electric field. The magnetic force turns it, and it moves along a curve of repeated arches, like a mark on the rim of a rolling wheel. A useful idea: look at the motion from a frame that moves along at a steady speed chosen so that the electric field vanishes there.
Have you tried it?
Work it out on paper first. It is fine to get stuck or make a mistake: that is how we learn. When you are ready, go through the solution one step at a time, and check each step against your own.
Plan. Go to the frame in which the electric field vanishes. There the proton moves in a circle. Back in the lab, a circle plus a steady drift is a cycloid.
Step 1. The drift (a). In a frame moving at , the electric field becomes . It vanishes for .
Step 2. The circle (b). In that frame the proton starts with velocity and only acts, so it moves in a circle of radius at the cyclotron rate . One arch takes one turn: .
Step 3. Height (c). The greatest height is the diameter: . Each arch is long along .
Step 4. Speed and energy (d, e). At the top the circular velocity, along , adds to the frame's : . Then . As a check, the electric field has done work , the same amount; the magnetic force does no work.
Step 5. The plate (f). The proton misses the plate if , so .
Answer: (a) . (b) . (c) . (d) . (e) . (f) .
Check. As , : the proton just falls along the electric field. A stronger squeezes the arches as and slows the drift as . This is the idea of a magnetron and of a magnetically insulated gap.
Watch out. The proton moves along , at right angles to both fields, not along . And the greatest speed is , not : the drift speed is only the average.
Log in to join the discussion.
Loading…