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Across period 3, the atomic radii from sodium to chlorine are 186, 160, 143, 117, 110, 104 and 99…
Contributed by StemPy LabTry it on paper first. A hint, the key idea and the worked solution are here when you need them.
Across period 3, the atomic radii from sodium to chlorine are , , , , , and pm. Using diff(), what is the average fall from one element to the next, and between which two elements is the biggest single fall?
Need a reminder? The key ideaShow
First ionisation enthalpy peaks at the noble gases and falls to its lowest at the alkali metals that follow. Across a period the atomic radius falls, because the nuclear charge grows while the shell stays the same; down a group it rises, because a shell is added. diff() gives each value minus the one before.
The worked solution
Have you tried it?
Work it out on paper first. It is fine to get stuck or make a mistake: that is how we learn. When you are ready, go through the solution one step at a time, and check each step against your own.
Step 1. Total fall. pm over steps.
Step 2. Average. pm for each element.
Step 3. Biggest step. The changes are , , , , and pm. The first , from sodium to magnesium, comes first; silicon after aluminium also falls by pm.
Answer: pm on average; the biggest fall is pm, from sodium to magnesium (and again from aluminium to silicon).
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