Try it on paper first. A hint, the key idea and the worked solution are here when you need them.
A tumour starts from one cell. Its cells double in number every days, and none is lost. Use one billion, , as a round figure for a large tumour.
Cancer cells ignore the checkpoints. A proto-oncogene codes for an accelerator of the cycle, and a mutation can turn it into an oncogene (a gain of function). A tumour suppressor gene such as that for Rb or p53 codes for a brake, and a mutation can cut it (a loss of function). A tumour that doubles its cells every days needs doublings to reach cells.
Have you tried it?
Work it out on paper first. It is fine to get stuck or make a mistake: that is how we learn. When you are ready, go through the solution one step at a time, and check each step against your own.
Given. Doubling time: days. Target: cells.
Plan. Find the number of doublings with .
Step 1. Doublings. is below a billion, and is above it. So doublings.
Step 2. Time. days.
Step 3. After doublings. cells, about a million.
Answer: doublings; days; cells.
Check. doublings give only a million cells. Ten more doublings multiply that by .
Watch out. The tumour has a million cells after days, and a billion after days. The last doublings make most of the cells.
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