Try it on paper first. A hint, the key idea and the worked solution are here when you need them.
A plank B of mass and length lies on a long horizontal table. A small block A of mass rests on the plank at its front end. A light string is tied to the front end of the plank. It runs horizontally to a light, smooth pulley at the edge of the table, and then down to a hanging block C, as shown in the figure. The coefficient of friction between A and B is , and between B and the table it is . For each pair of surfaces, take the coefficients for sticking and for sliding to be equal. The system is released from rest. Take .
Have you tried it?
Work it out on paper first. It is fine to get stuck or make a mistake: that is how we learn. When you are ready, go through the solution one step at a time, and check each step against your own.
Given. , , (A on B), (B on the table), plank length , .
Plan. First assume that A and B move together, and find the friction A needs. Compare it with the most friction can give. Then treat A and B on their own.
Step 1. The friction forces. The table holds up both A and B, so it pushes up on B with . Once B moves, the table's friction on it is . Between A and B the normal force is , so friction on A can be at most .
Step 2. Moving together. If A, B and C move as one with acceleration , then
A is pushed forward only by friction, so it needs . This cannot be more than , so .
Step 3. The range. Put into the equation of Step 2: , so
Also, nothing moves unless the weight of C beats the table's friction: . So the range is .
Step 4. Now . This is more than , so A slips. Friction on A is kinetic, forwards, so
B and C move together, with the string taut. Along their motion act the weight of C, , forwards; the friction from A on B, , backwards; and the table's friction, , backwards:
The tension follows from C alone: .
Step 5. Falling off. Seen from B, A moves backwards with acceleration , starting from rest. It must slide back the whole plank:
In that time A moves forwards over the table by .
Answer: (a) . (b) , , . (c) , and A has moved .
Check. In the same time B moves , and , the length of the plank. B on its own: .
Watch out. A falls off the rear end even though it moves forwards over the table the whole time: it just moves forwards more slowly than the plank. And the table's friction uses the weight of A and B together, because A presses on B.
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