Try it on paper first. A hint, the key idea and the worked solution are here when you need them.
A ladder of , , , and bp runs , , , and mm from the well. A straight line fits against the distance: . A student reads two unknown bands, at mm and at mm.
Have you tried it?
Work it out on paper first. It is fine to get stuck or make a mistake: that is how we learn. When you are ready, go through the solution one step at a time, and check each step against your own.
Given. The line .
Plan. Find the log of the size, and then the size.
Step 1. (a) . The size is bp.
Step 2. (b) . The size is bp.
Step 3. (c) The ladder runs from to mm. A band at mm is beyond the smallest ladder band, so the line is not tested there. The reading would be a guess.
Answer: bp; bp; no, mm lies outside the ladder.
Check. mm lies between the bp band at mm and the bp band at mm, and lies between and .
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Read a size from a ladder with a straight line of size against distance. An uncut plasmid shows a supercoiled band (fastest), a linear band and a nicked band (slowest). The control plates are: no DNA, uncut vector, cut vector without ligase, and cut vector with ligase and no insert. Efficiency colonies (ng of DNA on the plate) for each microgram.