Learning Paths
Each learning path is one chapter: a guided route through a topic, one small course at a time. Pick a class to see its chapters in order.
Chapter 12
States of Matter
A balloon grows as it rises, a pressure cooker cooks faster, and a drop of water keeps its shape on a leaf. All of this comes from how molecules attract each other and how fast they move. In this chapter you meet the forces between molecules, the gas laws and the ideal gas equation, the kinetic theory and the speeds of molecules, real gases and the van der Waals equation, and the liquid state with its vapour pressure, surface tension and viscosity. The chapter is not in the rationalised NCERT books, but it is in the JEE Advanced syllabus and in A-Level, IB and AP Chemistry. Python solves the gas laws and draws the Maxwell speed distribution.
3 courses
Chapter 1
Particles of Matter, Change of State, Evaporation and Cooling
Look around you. A stone, a glass of water and the air that you breathe are all matter, and they are very different. Why is a stone hard, water runny and air invisible? In this chapter we study the tiny particles that matter is made of. We find how they explain the solid, liquid and gas states, how ice melts and water boils, and why wet clothes dry and sweat cools us. Python helps us with the calculations.
3 courses