Counting the answers is the first step. In this short course you build frequency tables, draw bar charts, pie charts, histograms and line graphs, choose the right graph for the data, and spot a graph that tells a false story.
3 lessons, about 1 h 25 min3 simulations10 problems6 practice questionsPython in every lesson
A frequency table lists each value and its frequency, the number of times it appears. Counting with tally marks makes this easy. The relative frequency is the frequency divided by the total, and as a percentage it lets us compare surveys of different sizes. The frequencies must add up to the number of cases and the percentages to 100. For numerical data with many different values, we group the values into class intervals.
A bar chart has one bar for each category, with the height equal to the frequency and gaps between the bars because the categories are separate. A pie chart is a circle cut into slices that show how a whole is shared, and the angle of a slice is the frequency divided by the total times 360 degrees. Use a bar chart to compare categories and a pie chart to show shares of a whole. A good chart has a title, labelled axes and bars that start at zero.
A histogram is for numerical data that has been put in groups, called class intervals. The bars touch, because the numbers continue from one group to the next, and the bar height is the frequency. The width of the groups changes the shape that we see. A line graph joins points over time, so that we can see a trend. A graph is misleading when its axis does not start at zero, or when it hides the scale.
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