Explore structured physics courses, solved problems, simulations and Python activities.
The first skills of every experiment. Read a vernier scale and a screw gauge, with their least counts and zero errors. Round a result to the right number of significant figures and find its error. Then fit a straight line to the readings of a simple pendulum.
The standard experiments on matter. Stretch a wire in Searle's apparatus, lift water in a capillary tube and drop a ball through oil. Then mix hot and cold bodies in a calorimeter, follow a cooling curve, and find the speed of sound with a resonance tube.
The standard experiments on electricity and light. Find a resistance with Ohm's law and the metre bridge, and compare cells with a potentiometer. Turn a galvanometer into a meter and plot a diode curve. Then find the focal length of a lens and the refractive index of a slab and a prism.
Why Ampere's law fails for a charging capacitor, and how Maxwell mended it with the displacement current. Then the four equations of electromagnetism in words, the speed of light from two constants, and the wave itself: transverse, in step, with E equal to cB. It serves the Indian syllabus (NCERT, JEE Main, NEET) and the matching topic of A-Level, IB and AP.
Radio, microwave, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-ray and gamma radiation are one family. We lay them on a scale of wavelength and frequency. Then we ask where each comes from, how it is detected and what it does. The ozone layer, the greenhouse effect and the ionosphere that bounces radio waves close the course. It serves the Indian syllabus (NCERT, JEE Main, NEET) and the matching topic of A-Level, IB and AP.
Sunlight warms your hand and also pushes on it, very gently. We find the energy stored in the fields, the intensity of a beam and the strengths of E and B that go with it, then the momentum and the pressure of radiation. The last lesson gathers the calculations that tests ask and says where other books write them differently. It serves the Indian syllabus (NCERT, JEE Main, NEET) and the matching topic of A-Level, IB and AP.
Why one substance is a gas at room temperature and another is a liquid. The forces between molecules and the three states of matter. The gas laws of Boyle, Charles, Gay-Lussac and Avogadro, and the ideal gas equation with the right units. Then Dalton's law of partial pressures and Graham's law of diffusion.
How a gas is described by moving molecules. The kinetic molecular theory, the rms, average and most probable speeds and the Maxwell distribution. Then real gases: the compressibility factor, the van der Waals equation, critical constants, liquefaction and the Boyle temperature.
Why a puddle dries, why mountain water boils at a lower temperature and why honey pours slowly. Vapour pressure and boiling with the Clausius-Clapeyron equation, surface tension and capillary rise, and viscosity with Stokes' law, each with its standard calculations.
A ship sails 6 kilometres north and then 8 kilometres east. How far is it from the harbour? The distance sailed is one number, but where the ship is needs a size and a direction. In this course you describe a vector by its components and its direction cosines, add and scale vectors, and find the point that divides a line in a given ratio. It covers the first part of the Indian syllabus unit (NCERT, JEE Main) and the matching topics of A-Level, IB and AP.
How a small current controls a large one, and how switches become logic. The junction transistor and its characteristics, the transistor as an amplifier and as a switch, and the logic gates OR, AND, NOT, NAND, NOR and XOR with their truth tables. It serves the Indian syllabus (NCERT, NEET, JEE Main) and the matching topic of A-Level and IB.
Why copper conducts, glass does not and silicon can be switched. Energy bands and the band gap, intrinsic and doped (n-type and p-type) crystals, and the p-n junction with its depletion layer, its barrier and its current-voltage curve. It serves the Indian syllabus (NCERT, NEET, JEE Main) and the matching topic of A-Level and IB.
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A workshop for the harder side of oscillations, at the level of JEE Advanced, A-Level Physics and IB Higher Level. Springs with pulleys and moving supports, rods, wires and liquids, small swings found from an energy curve, two motions added together, and damped and driven oscillators with the quality factor. It goes beyond the three free courses and ends with a full timed paper.
A petrol engine, a diesel lorry and a jet engine all turn heat into work, and no two of them follow the same cycle. Here we follow gases along paths that lie between the four standard ones, work out the efficiency of real engine cycles, and find the entropy of an ideal gas. The level is that of JEE Advanced, A-Level Further Physics and IB Higher Level, and the course ends with a full timed paper.
A bowling ball skids and then rolls. A bullet strikes a hinged door. A tall cupboard topples before it slides. This course takes rolling, angular momentum and statics to the harder level: which way the friction acts and when slipping stops, a wheel climbing a step, collisions with rods and discs, toppling, and the moment of inertia of built-up bodies. The problems are at the level of JEE Advanced, A-Level Physics and IB Higher Level, with a full timed paper.
A pulley that moves twice as far as the load it lifts. A crate that slips on a truck that starts too hard. A toy that swings forward in a braking bus. Here Newton's laws meet many bodies at once: strings and constraints, stacked blocks and wedges, accelerating and rotating frames, and loops and banked bends. The problems are at the level of JEE Advanced, A-Level Physics and IB Higher Level, with a long timed paper.
A ball thrown up a hill lands somewhere new, and a ball thrown from a moving lorry follows two paths at once. Here you handle throws on slopes and from moving platforms, and you find the farthest point that any throw can reach. You follow two ships to see how close they come, and you describe a car that speeds up on a bend. The problems are at the level of JEE, A-Level Physics and IB Higher Level, with a long timed paper.
Beyond the textbook: lenses measured by the displacement method, a lens in a liquid, a lens cut in two or silvered on one face, apparent depth through layers, and the full derivations for the prism. The level of JEE Advanced, A-Level and IB Higher Level, with a full timed paper.