Electronic Effects and Reaction Intermediates

Name: Electronic Effects and Reaction Intermediates
Author: StemPy Lab

How bonds break, and the free radicals, carbocations and carbanions that result. The inductive effect, resonance, the electromeric effect and hyperconjugation, and the types of organic reaction.

3 lessons, about 1 h 30 min4 simulations11 problems4 practice questionsPython in every lesson

Created by StemPy Lab

Course outline (3 lessons)

Lesson 1about 30 min
Bond fission and reaction intermediates
A covalent bond can break evenly, so each atom keeps one electron, or unevenly, so one atom takes both. These are homolytic and heterolytic fission. They give free radicals, carbocations and carbanions: short-lived pieces, called reaction intermediates, that decide how a reaction goes. Alkyl groups make a carbocation more stable and a carbanion less stable.
1 simulation1 practice question1 Python program4 problems1 Python lab
Read the lesson
Lesson 2about 35 min
Electron displacement effects
Electrons are not fixed in a molecule. The inductive effect, a pull along single bonds, fades with distance. Resonance spreads electrons over several atoms and makes the hybrid more stable than any one structure. The electromeric effect is a temporary shift of a pi pair. Hyperconjugation spreads the electrons of a C-H bond into a neighbouring orbital.
2 simulations2 practice questions1 Python program4 problems1 Python lab
Read the lesson
Lesson 3about 25 min
Attacking reagents and types of reaction
A nucleophile is an electron-rich reagent that gives a pair of electrons. An electrophile is electron-poor and takes a pair. Organic reactions fall into four types: substitution, addition, elimination and rearrangement. You can often tell which one by counting how many molecules go in, how many come out, and what happens to the pi bonds.
1 simulation1 practice question1 Python program3 problems1 question set1 note
Read the lesson

Test Your Learning

Electronic Effects and Intermediates: Timed Test

10 questions · 25 min

Not started

Your teacher

StemPy Lab

1 follower

← All Courses

← Classification, Nomenclature and Isomerism Purification and Analysis of Organic Compounds →

More onOrganic Chemistry: Some Basic Principles and Techniques › Electronic Effects and Reaction Intermediates

Discussion (0)

Loading…

Electronic Effects and Reaction Intermediates

Course outline (3 lessons)

Bond fission and reaction intermediates

Electron displacement effects

Attacking reagents and types of reaction

Test Your Learning

Your teacher

Discussion (0)

Want to go further?