Beyond the textbook. You choose reagents and conditions, plan a conversion step by step, trace carbocation shifts, and read formulas and spectra. The level of JEE Advanced, A-Level Chemistry and IB Higher Level, with a full timed paper.
3 lessons, about 1 h 15 min3 simulations12 problems3 practice questionsPython in every lesson
A reagent is chosen for what it stops at and what it leaves alone. PCC stops at the aldehyde, hot dichromate goes on to the acid, NaBH4 reduces only aldehydes and ketones, and LiAlH4 reduces acids and esters too. The stoichiometry of dichromate lets you count ethanol by titration and judge a reaction by its atom economy.
To plan a conversion, work backwards from the target to a compound you can make, and write the reagent for each step. Check each step for traps: a carbocation that shifts, a Markovnikov result that is the wrong way round, a Grignard reagent that meets an acidic group. The overall yield is the product of the step yields.
A molecular formula limits the structures it can have. For the alcohols and ethers can be listed and counted, and some of them have a stereocentre. Infrared shows whether there is an O-H bond, proton NMR counts the kinds of hydrogen, and the mass spectrum gives the molar mass. Zeisel's method counts methoxy groups.
Log in to join the discussion.
Loading…