Double Fertilisation, Embryo, Seed and Fruit

Name: Double Fertilisation, Embryo, Seed and Fruit
Author: StemPy Lab

Why does a flowering plant fertilise twice? You follow the two male gametes into the embryo sac, watch the endosperm and the embryo grow, and see how the ovule becomes a seed and the ovary a fruit. Then you meet the plants that make seeds without fertilisation. It serves the Indian syllabus (NCERT, NEET) and the matching topic of A-Level, IB and AP.

3 lessons, about 1 h 30 min3 simulations12 problems3 practice questionsPython in every lesson

Created by StemPy Lab

Course outline (3 lessons)

Lesson 1about 30 min
Double fertilisation and the endosperm
After the pollen tube has entered a synergid, two male gametes are released. One fuses with the egg and makes the zygote, which is diploid. The other fuses with the two polar nuclei and makes the primary endosperm nucleus, which is triploid. Two fusions in one embryo sac is double fertilisation, and it is unique to flowering plants. The primary endosperm nucleus grows into the endosperm.
1 simulation1 practice question1 Python program4 problems1 Python lab
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Lesson 2about 30 min
The embryo and the seed
The zygote grows into an embryo through the proembryo, globular and heart-shaped stages. A dicot embryo has two cotyledons. A monocot embryo has one, which in grasses is the scutellum. The ovule becomes the seed: the integuments become the seed coat, and the micropyle stays as a small pore. A seed may be albuminous or non-albuminous, and it dries to 10 to 15 per cent water.
1 simulation1 practice question1 Python program5 problems
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Lesson 3about 30 min
The fruit, apomixis and polyembryony
After fertilisation the ovary becomes the fruit, and its wall becomes the pericarp. A false fruit includes the thalamus. A parthenocarpic fruit forms without fertilisation. Apomixis is the making of seeds without fertilisation. Polyembryony is the presence of more than one embryo in a seed. Seeds and fruits help the plant to protect, feed and spread its young.
1 simulation1 practice question1 Python program3 problems1 Python lab1 question set1 note
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Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants: Chapter Test

NEET format20 questions · 15 min

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Double Fertilisation, Embryo, Seed and Fruit

Course outline (3 lessons)

Double fertilisation and the endosperm

The embryo and the seed

The fruit, apomixis and polyembryony

Test Your Learning

Your teacher

Discussion (0)