Try it on paper first. A hint, the key idea and the worked solution are here when you need them.
The standard potentials of two couples are and . Each 2+ ion can reduce hydrogen ions: . Use . Find the standard emf for samarium and for ytterbium, and the Gibbs energy change for each. One electron is transferred.
Have you tried it?
Work it out on paper first. It is fine to get stuck or make a mistake: that is how we learn. When you are ready, go through the solution one step at a time, and check each step against your own.
Step 1. The emf for samarium. The hydrogen ion is reduced, so it is the cathode. .
Step 2. The emf for ytterbium. .
Step 3. Gibbs energy. For samarium, . For ytterbium, .
Answer: and , with and .
Check. Both values are negative, so each 2+ ion is able to reduce acid. The samarium reaction has the larger drive.
Watch out. The emf says how far a reaction is able to go. It does not say how fast. In practice, these ions keep for a short time in water without air, because the reaction with hydrogen ions can be slow.
Log in to join the discussion.
Loading…
The 3+ ion of a lanthanoid is with . Unpaired electrons: up to 7, then . Spin-only moment: . An empty, half-full or full 4f subshell (, , ) makes an ion unusually stable. That explains , , and . For a cell, with .