Say whether each case is active or passive immunity…
Contributed by StemPy LabTry it on paper first. A hint, the key idea and the worked solution are here when you need them.
Say whether each case is active or passive immunity.
- A child is given drops of the vaccine for polio.
- A newborn baby drinks the colostrum of the mother.
- A foetus receives antibodies from its mother through the placenta.
- A person who has recovered from chickenpox does not get it again.
- A person bitten by a snake is given an antivenom.
- A person with a deep wound is given a tetanus antitoxin.
Need a reminder? The key ideaShow
After a second meeting with an antigen, the response is quicker and stronger because of memory cells. An antibody has two heavy and two light chains, HL, and two antigen-binding sites. In active immunity the body makes its own antibodies. In passive immunity the antibodies are given ready made. Herd immunity needs a share of at least of the population to be immune.
The worked solution
Have you tried it?
Work it out on paper first. It is fine to get stuck or make a mistake: that is how we learn. When you are ready, go through the solution one step at a time, and check each step against your own.
Step 1. (a) Active. The vaccine makes the body form its own antibodies and memory cells.
Step 2. (b) Passive. The IgA antibodies are made by the mother.
Step 3. (c) Passive. The antibodies are made by the mother.
Step 4. (d) Active. The infection made the body form antibodies and memory cells.
Step 5. (e) Passive. The antivenom is a ready-made antibody.
Step 6. (f) Passive. The antitoxin is a ready-made antibody.
Answer: (a) active; (b) passive; (c) passive; (d) active; (e) passive; (f) passive.
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