Phenol (0.200 mol) is nitrated with dilute nitric acid…
Contributed by StemPy LabTry it on paper first. A hint, the key idea and the worked solution are here when you need them.
Phenol () is nitrated with dilute nitric acid. The total yield of nitrophenols is , and of the nitrophenol formed is the ortho isomer (the rest is para). The mixture is steam distilled. Use for a nitrophenol. Find the amount of nitrophenols formed, the mass of o-nitrophenol that distils over and the mass of p-nitrophenol left in the flask.
Need a reminder? The key ideaShow
Bromine water: . Kolbe: phenoxide, , then acid gives salicylic acid. Moles are mass divided by molar mass, and a percentage yield multiplies the theoretical amount.
The worked solution
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Work it out on paper first. It is fine to get stuck or make a mistake: that is how we learn. When you are ready, go through the solution one step at a time, and check each step against your own.
Given. of phenol, yield, ortho.
Step 1. Total. of nitrophenols.
Step 2. Ortho. . Mass: . This isomer is steam volatile because of the hydrogen bond inside its molecule.
Step 3. Para. . Mass: . This stays in the flask.
Check. , and . They agree within rounding.
Answer: , and .
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