Try it on paper first. A hint, the key idea and the worked solution are here when you need them.
The first ionisation enthalpy of nitrogen is and that of oxygen is , though oxygen has more protons. By how much is oxygen lower? Explain the order with the electron configurations of the two atoms.
The first ionisation enthalpy is the energy to remove the outermost electron from an isolated gaseous atom: . It rises across a period and falls down a group, with dips at groups 13 and 16. A big jump among the successive ionisation enthalpies shows where an inner shell begins. Electron gain enthalpy is the enthalpy change when a gaseous atom gains an electron, negative when energy is released.
Have you tried it?
Work it out on paper first. It is fine to get stuck or make a mistake: that is how we learn. When you are ready, go through the solution one step at a time, and check each step against your own.
Step 1. Difference. .
Step 2. Nitrogen. : one electron in each of the three orbitals, a stable half-filled subshell.
Step 3. Oxygen. : two electrons share one orbital and repel each other. One of them is removed more easily, despite the extra proton.
Answer: oxygen is lower by , because of the repulsion between the paired electrons.
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