Nitrobenzene, C₆H₅NO₂, is reduced by tin and hydrochloric acid, and then made alkaline, to give…
Contributed by StemPy LabTry it on paper first. A hint, the key idea and the worked solution are here when you need them.
Nitrobenzene, , is reduced by tin and hydrochloric acid, and then made alkaline, to give aniline, . A student starts with of nitrobenzene and collects aniline in a yield of . Use C = 12, H = 1, N = 14 and O = 16 in g/mol. Find the molar mass of nitrobenzene, the amount of it used, the mass of aniline at a yield of 100 %, and the mass the student collects.
Need a reminder? The key ideaShow
The nitro group, the nitrile group and the amide group are reduced to a primary amine. A nitrile adds one carbon to the halide it came from. The Hofmann bromamide degradation removes one carbon: . The Gabriel synthesis makes pure primary aliphatic amines.
The worked solution
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Work it out on paper first. It is fine to get stuck or make a mistake: that is how we learn. When you are ready, go through the solution one step at a time, and check each step against your own.
Step 1. Molar mass. .
Step 2. Amount. .
Step 3. Aniline at 100 %. Aniline has . The amount is , so the mass is .
Step 4. With the yield. .
Answer: , , and .
Check. The nitro compound loses two oxygen atoms and gains two hydrogen atoms, so the mass falls from 123 to 93, a ratio of about 0.76.
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