EasyBiologyHigh School (11–12)Biology in Human Welfare › Human Health and DiseaseConceptualA-LevelIB
Name the type of barrier of innate immunity for each of these…
Contributed by StemPy LabTry it on paper first. A hint, the key idea and the worked solution are here when you need them.
Name the type of barrier of innate immunity for each of these.
- The mucus that coats the lining of the respiratory tract.
- The acid in the stomach.
- A macrophage that swallows a bacterium.
- The interferons made by a cell that has a virus in it.
- The tears that wash the eye.
Need a reminder? The key ideaShow
Innate immunity has four kinds of barriers: physical, physiological, cellular and cytokine. Each barrier acts on the germs that the barrier before it let through, so the shares multiply. The bone marrow and the thymus are the primary lymphoid organs. The spleen, the lymph nodes, the tonsils, Peyer's patches, the appendix and MALT are secondary lymphoid organs.
The worked solution
Have you tried it?
Work it out on paper first. It is fine to get stuck or make a mistake: that is how we learn. When you are ready, go through the solution one step at a time, and check each step against your own.
Step 1. (a) Physical. The mucus traps the microbes.
Step 2. (b) Physiological. The acid stops microbes from growing.
Step 3. (c) Cellular. A macrophage destroys germs by phagocytosis.
Step 4. (d) Cytokine. Interferons protect the cells that are not yet infected.
Step 5. (e) Physiological.
Answer: (a) physical; (b) physiological; (c) cellular; (d) cytokine; (e) physiological.
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