EasyChemistryHigh School (9–10)GeneralCarbon and Its Compounds › Reactions and Uses of Carbon CompoundsConceptual
Say whether each change is combustion, oxidation, addition or substitution.
Contributed by StemPy LabTry it on paper first. A hint, the key idea and the worked solution are here when you need them.
Say whether each change is combustion, oxidation, addition or substitution. One of them is none of these four. Which, and what is it?
- Propanol turns into propanoic acid with alkaline potassium permanganate.
- Butane burns in a gas lighter.
Need a reminder? The key ideaShow
Combustion gives carbon dioxide, water, heat and light. Saturated fuels burn with a blue flame; unsaturated ones, or too little air, give a yellow, sooty flame. Oxidising agents turn alcohols into acids. Unsaturated compounds add hydrogen with a nickel catalyst. Saturated ones swap a hydrogen for chlorine in sunlight.
The worked solution
Have you tried it?
Work it out on paper first. It is fine to get stuck or make a mistake: that is how we learn. When you are ready, go through the solution one step at a time, and check each step against your own.
Step 1. (a) Addition. Hydrogen adds across the double bond.
Step 2. (b) Substitution. A chlorine atom takes the place of a hydrogen atom.
Step 3. (c) Oxidation. The oxidising agent turns an alcohol into an acid.
Step 4. (d) Combustion. Butane burns to carbon dioxide and water.
Step 5. (e) Dehydration. A water molecule is taken out, so it is none of the four.
Answer: (a) addition; (b) substitution; (c) oxidation; (d) combustion; (e) dehydration.
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