Try it on paper first. A hint, the key idea and the worked solution are here when you need them.
Name the kind of phosphorylation in each case.
Electrons in the chain pump protons into the intermembrane space. The protons flow back through ATP synthase, whose F head makes ATP and whose F part is the channel. Two protons pass for each ATP. Without oxygen the chain stops. Substrate level phosphorylation needs no membrane, and photophosphorylation is driven by light.
Have you tried it?
Work it out on paper first. It is fine to get stuck or make a mistake: that is how we learn. When you are ready, go through the solution one step at a time, and check each step against your own.
Step 1. (a) Substrate level phosphorylation. No membrane is needed.
Step 2. (b) Oxidative phosphorylation. The energy is from oxidation and reduction.
Step 3. (c) Photophosphorylation. The energy is from light.
Step 4. (d) Substrate level phosphorylation.
Answer: (a) substrate level; (b) oxidative; (c) photophosphorylation; (d) substrate level.
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