Try it on paper first. A hint, the key idea and the worked solution are here when you need them.
Iodobenzene is made from nitrobenzene in three steps. A chemist chooses this route because direct iodination of benzene works badly, and wants to know how much of each material to weigh out. Assume that every reagent other than those named is in large excess. First, tin and hydrochloric acid reduce of nitrobenzene () to aniline in a yield of . Second, the aniline is diazotised in the cold in a yield of . Third, potassium iodide () is added to the diazonium salt, and iodobenzene () forms in a yield of . Direct iodination of benzene is not a good route, because iodine alone is too weak an electrophile. Find the amount of aniline formed, the amount of diazonium salt formed and the mass of iodobenzene collected. Then find the least mass of potassium iodide needed for the diazonium salt formed.
Diazotisation: , at 273 to 278 K. Each mole of salt that reacts to replace the diazonium group gives one mole of nitrogen gas, and one mole of gas is at 273 K and 1 atm. The yields of consecutive steps multiply.
Have you tried it?
Work it out on paper first. It is fine to get stuck or make a mistake: that is how we learn. When you are ready, go through the solution one step at a time, and check each step against your own.
Step 1. Nitrobenzene. .
Step 2. Aniline. .
Step 3. Diazonium salt. .
Step 4. Iodobenzene. . The mass is .
Step 5. Potassium iodide. , at the least.
Answer: , , and .
Check. The overall yield is , and .
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