Try it on paper first. A hint, the key idea and the worked solution are here when you need them.
In benzene, ethanoic acid molecules can join in pairs. A solution of of ethanoic acid, of molar mass , in of benzene freezes below pure benzene. Take . Find the van’t Hoff factor and the fraction of the molecules that are in pairs.
The van’t Hoff factor is . For a solute that gives ions, . For a solute that joins in pairs, . Then and .
Have you tried it?
Work it out on paper first. It is fine to get stuck or make a mistake: that is how we learn. When you are ready, go through the solution one step at a time, and check each step against your own.
Step 1. Molality. .
Step 2. The fall for single molecules. .
Step 3. The factor. . It is below , so the acid joins.
Step 4. The share in pairs. .
Answer: , and about of the molecules are in pairs.
Check. If all molecules paired, would be . Our is just above that, so almost all of them are in pairs.
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