Ethyl isocyanide, C₂H₅NC (55 g/mol), 5.50 g, is heated with dilute hydrochloric acid…
Contributed by StemPy LabTry it on paper first. A hint, the key idea and the worked solution are here when you need them.
Ethyl isocyanide, (), , is heated with dilute hydrochloric acid. The reaction is . A second sample of the same mass is reduced instead, with . Take the yields as 100 %. Use ethylamine , methanoic acid , water and N-methylethanamine . Find the mass of ethylamine, the mass of methanoic acid, and the mass of water used in the hydrolysis. Then find the mass of N-methylethanamine from the reduction.
Need a reminder? The key ideaShow
Silver cyanide gives an isocyanide and potassium cyanide gives a nitrile. A nitrile is reduced to a primary amine with one more carbon than the halide. An isocyanide is hydrolysed by acid to a primary amine and formic acid, and is reduced to a secondary amine. Nitrobenzene takes 6, 4 or 5 electrons in an acidic, neutral or alkaline medium, and each atom of zinc or tin gives 2 electrons.
The worked solution
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Work it out on paper first. It is fine to get stuck or make a mistake: that is how we learn. When you are ready, go through the solution one step at a time, and check each step against your own.
Step 1. Amount. .
Step 2. Ethylamine. .
Step 3. Methanoic acid. .
Step 4. Water. .
Step 5. Reduction. of N-methylethanamine.
Answer: , , and .
Check. Mass is conserved in the hydrolysis: on the left, and on the right.
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