Try it on paper first. A hint, the key idea and the worked solution are here when you need them.
DDT is made from chlorobenzene and trichloroethanal (chloral) in the presence of concentrated sulphuric acid: . Lin mixes of chlorobenzene with of chloral. The molar masses are for chlorobenzene, for chloral and for DDT. The isolated yield of DDT, based on the limiting reagent, is . Find four things. First, the amount of DDT that the limiting reagent allows. Second, the mass of DDT isolated. Third, the mass of chlorobenzene that remains when the limiting reagent has reacted completely. Fourth, the percentage of chlorine in DDT. Use for chlorine.
The percentage of an element in a compound is the mass of that element in one mole divided by the molar mass. Freons are made from tetrachloromethane and HF. DDT is made from two moles of chlorobenzene and one mole of chloral. One chlorine atom in the stratosphere destroys about ozone molecules.
Have you tried it?
Work it out on paper first. It is fine to get stuck or make a mistake: that is how we learn. When you are ready, go through the solution one step at a time, and check each step against your own.
Plan. Find which reagent runs out. Then use the ratio .
Step 1. Amounts. Chlorobenzene: . Chloral: .
Step 2. Limiting reagent. The chlorobenzene allows of DDT. The chloral allows . Chloral limits, at of DDT.
Step 3. DDT. At full yield: . At : .
Step 4. Chlorobenzene remaining. When all the chloral has reacted, of chlorobenzene has been used, which is . So remains.
Step 5. Chlorine in DDT. .
Answer: , , and .
Check. Chlorine makes up half of the mass of DDT, and the compound is not easily broken down, which is what makes it a lasting pollutant.
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