Aniline is nitrated with a mixture of concentrated nitric and sulphuric acids…

Aniline is nitrated with a mixture of concentrated nitric and sulphuric acids. A real nitrating mixture also holds a trace of free amine, which reacts very quickly. So the figures below are a simplified model of what happens. In strong acid, aniline is largely turned into the anilinium ion. The $\text{p}K_a$ of the anilinium ion is $4.6$. Take the pH of the medium as $1.0$ for this calculation, although a real nitrating mixture is much more acidic. NCERT gives the products of direct nitration as 2 percent ortho, 47 percent meta and 51 percent para. Take $0.100\ \text{mol}$ of aniline to be nitrated and ignore the loss by oxidation. All nitroanilines have $M = 138\ \text{g/mol}$. Find the ratio of anilinium ion to aniline at pH 1.0 and the percentage of the aniline that is in the form of the ion. Then find the amount of the meta product and its mass.