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  1. Problems
  2. /An electron gun sends out electrons that have been sped up through 180 V from almost rest…
MediumPhysicsHigh School (11–12)Electricity & Magnetism › Magnetic Effects of CurrentNumericalBoard ExamAPA-LevelIBAEEE (Amrita)AMUEEE
+18 more exams
AP EAPCETBCECECOMEDK UGETCUET UGGUJCETJCECEJKCETKCETKEAMKIITEELPUNESTMET (Manipal)MHT-CETOJEESRMJEEE

An electron gun sends out electrons that have been sped up through 180 V from almost rest…

StemPy LabContributed by StemPy Lab

Try it on paper first. A hint, the key idea and the worked solution are here when you need them.

An electron gun sends out electrons that have been sped up through 180180180 V from almost rest. They enter a uniform field of 2.42.42.4 mT at right angles. Find the speed, the radius of the circle and the time for one turn. Use m=9.1×10−31m = 9.1 \times 10^{-31}m=9.1×10−31 kg.

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Work it out on paper, then type your number. The answer itself stays hidden.

cm
ns
Need a reminder? The key ideaShowHide

At right angles to the field, r=mvqBr = \dfrac{mv}{qB}r=qBmv​, T=2πmqBT = \dfrac{2\pi m}{qB}T=qB2πm​ and f=qB2πmf = \dfrac{qB}{2\pi m}f=2πmqB​. After a voltage VVV, v=2qV/mv = \sqrt{2qV/m}v=2qV/m​. At an angle θ\thetaθ the path is a helix with r=mvsin⁡θqBr = \dfrac{mv\sin\theta}{qB}r=qBmvsinθ​ and pitch p=2πm vcos⁡θqBp = \dfrac{2\pi m\,v\cos\theta}{qB}p=qB2πmvcosθ​. A velocity selector passes v=E/Bv = E/Bv=E/B. In a cyclotron, f=qB2πmf = \dfrac{qB}{2\pi m}f=2πmqB​ and Kmax⁡=q2B2R22mK_{\max} = \dfrac{q^2B^2R^2}{2m}Kmax​=2mq2B2R2​.

The worked solution

Have you tried it?

Work it out on paper first. It is fine to get stuck or make a mistake: that is how we learn. When you are ready, go through the solution one step at a time, and check each step against your own.

Step 1. The speed. We want vvv, so v=2eVm=2×1.6×10−19 C×180 V9.1×10−31 kg=7.96×106 m/sv = \sqrt{\dfrac{2eV}{m}} = \sqrt{\dfrac{2 \times 1.6 \times 10^{-19}\ \text{C} \times 180\ \text{V}}{9.1 \times 10^{-31}\ \text{kg}}} = 7.96 \times 10^{6}\ \text{m/s}v=m2eV​​=9.1×10−31 kg2×1.6×10−19 C×180 V​​=7.96×106 m/s.

Step 2. The radius. The top of r=mveBr = \dfrac{mv}{eB}r=eBmv​ is mv=9.1×10−31 kg×7.96×106 m/s=7.24×10−24 kg m/smv = 9.1 \times 10^{-31}\ \text{kg} \times 7.96 \times 10^{6}\ \text{m/s} = 7.24 \times 10^{-24}\ \text{kg m/s}mv=9.1×10−31 kg×7.96×106 m/s=7.24×10−24 kg m/s. The bottom is eB=1.6×10−19 C×2.4×10−3 T=3.84×10−22 C TeB = 1.6 \times 10^{-19}\ \text{C} \times 2.4 \times 10^{-3}\ \text{T} = 3.84 \times 10^{-22}\ \text{C T}eB=1.6×10−19 C×2.4×10−3 T=3.84×10−22 C T. So r=7.24×10−24 kg m/s3.84×10−22 C T=1.89×10−2 mr = \dfrac{7.24 \times 10^{-24}\ \text{kg m/s}}{3.84 \times 10^{-22}\ \text{C T}} = 1.89 \times 10^{-2}\ \text{m}r=3.84×10−22 C T7.24×10−24 kg m/s​=1.89×10−2 m, that is 1.891.891.89 cm.

Step 3. The period. T=2πmeB=2π×9.1×10−31 kg3.84×10−22 C T=1.49×10−8 sT = \dfrac{2\pi m}{eB} = \dfrac{2\pi \times 9.1 \times 10^{-31}\ \text{kg}}{3.84 \times 10^{-22}\ \text{C T}} = 1.49 \times 10^{-8}\ \text{s}T=eB2πm​=3.84×10−22 C T2π×9.1×10−31 kg​=1.49×10−8 s, that is 14.914.914.9 ns.

Answer: 7.96×1067.96 \times 10^{6}7.96×106 m/s, 1.891.891.89 cm and 14.914.914.9 ns.

What if the voltage is four times larger? The speed doubles. So the radius doubles, to 3.783.783.78 cm. The period stays 14.914.914.9 ns. In general rrr goes as V\sqrt{V}V​.

Check. The speed is 2.7 %2.7\ \%2.7 % of the speed of light, so we may ignore relativity.

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