A student shines light of several known frequencies on two clean metal plates, A and B, in turn, inside a vacuum tube. The plates are cleaned before each run, and the lamp stays at the same distance, so only the colour of the light changes. For each frequency she finds the retarding voltage that just stops the photocurrent. The figure shows the straight line through her readings for each plate. The marked point on line A and the points where the lines meet the frequency axis are read straight from the figure. Take and the speed of light as . In parts (d) and (e), use and an electron mass of .
Read the conditions of each part with care before you start the arithmetic.
Have you tried it?
Work it out on paper first. It is fine to get stuck or make a mistake: that is how we learn. When you are ready, go through the solution one step at a time, and check each step against your own.
(a) Planck constant. Line A passes through and . Its slope is . This slope is , so .
(b) and (c) Work functions. In electron volts, . Plate A: . Plate B: . The lines are parallel because they have the same slope, , for every metal.
(d) Greatest kinetic energy. The frequency is . This is above but below : plate A emits, and plate B does not, because the photon energy is less than . For plate A, .
(e) De Broglie wavelength. . The momentum is , so . The fastest electron has the shortest wavelength.
Answer: (a) . (b) . (c) . (d) . (e) .
Check. The photon energy is with . Then , the same as (d) to two decimals.
Watch out. The slope of the line is and not . And the work function is read from where each line meets the frequency axis, not from the marked point: at the stopping potential is , which is the kinetic energy in electron volts, not the work function.
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Try it on paper first. A hint, the key idea and the worked solution are here when you need them.