Try it on paper first. A hint, the key idea and the worked solution are here when you need them.
A student prepares iodoform from 2.90 g of propanone () using iodine, 38.1 g (), dissolved in potassium iodide solution, and sodium hydroxide solution added until the iodine colour fades. Pale yellow crystals form on gentle warming. After washing and drying, the mass is 14.2 g. Use H = 1, O = 16 and Na = 23 in g/mol, so that sodium hydroxide is , and take iodoform as . The reagents are exactly in the ratio of the equation. Find the amount of iodine needed, the mass of sodium hydroxide needed, the theoretical mass of iodoform, and the percentage yield.
Have you tried it?
Work it out on paper first. It is fine to get stuck or make a mistake: that is how we learn. When you are ready, go through the solution one step at a time, and check each step against your own.
Step 1. . Iodine needed: . The iodine supplied is , so it is exactly enough.
Step 2. Sodium hydroxide: , which is .
Step 3. Theoretical iodoform: .
Step 4. .
Answer: , , and .
Check. The iodine atoms of the iodoform are out of , which is of its mass, so most of the mass of the product is iodine.
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. The theoretical mass is set by the limiting reagent. Aniline and acetic anhydride react 1 : 1 to acetanilide. Propanone, iodine and sodium hydroxide react 1 : 3 : 4 to iodoform ().